Suppose we have variable logical records of lengths of 5 bytes, 10 bytes and 25 bytes while the physical block size in disk is 15 bytes. What is the maximum and minimum fragmentation seen in bytes?
- A. 25 and 5
- B. 15 and 5
- C. 15 and 0
- D. 10 and 5
Answer: B. 15 and 5
Explanation: Records fit into 15 byte blocks. Rec 5: Fits, 10 unused (Frag). Rec 10: Fits, 5 unused. Rec 25: Spans. 15 bytes in block 1 (0 frag), 10 bytes in block 2 (5 frag). Max fragmentation? If a record doesn't fill a block. 5 bytes -> 10 bytes frag? If record is 25, it takes 2 blocks. 15 + 10. Last block has 5 bytes wasted. Wait. 5 bytes rec -> 10 wasted. 10 bytes rec -> 5 wasted. 25 bytes rec -> 15 full, 10 used, 5 wasted. Max waste is 10? Option (d) says 10 and 5. Option (c) 15 and 0. If block is unused? Explanation in image says 'Max fragmentation 10 B, Min 5 B'. Option is (d). Wait, image explanation says: 'Given block size 15 B... record 5 B, remaining 10 B. record 10 B, remaining 5 B. record 25 B... 15 B full, 10 B next, 5 B remaining. Hence max fragmentation 10 B, min 5 B'. The answer key indicates (c) 15 and 0? No, image key says (c) is answer but explanation text derives 10 and 5. Wait, 15 and 0? If we have a record of size 15, frag is 0. But we don't. Maybe empty block? Let's stick to the text logic which yielded 10 and 5. But wait, standard keys often tricky. If span is allowed, internal frag is on last block. 5->10. 10->5. 25->5. Max 10, Min 5. Options: (a) 25, 5 (b) 15, 5 (c) 15, 0 (d) 10, 5. So (d) is correct per logic. Let's check image solution box: Ans 52 is (c)? Let me re-read image. Image says 'Hence, the maximum fragmentation is of size 10 B and the minimum fragmentation is of size 5 B.' But the answer key table shows 52 -> (c). This is a contradiction. (c) is 15 and 0. 0 is impossible with given sizes. 15 implies a full empty block? I will choose (d) based on logic.